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Periodization coaching (article published in the 2nd edition of the magazine Accrofoot)

The football season is now complete. Many players take a few weeks off before starting (or not) a training program to prepare for the upcoming season. Several factors must be considered training to maximize his training so that we can achieve the best possible results. Within this article we will address the topic of periodization of training. It's nice to go to the gym and lifting weights, but if no order is made in training, a plateau is quickly reached and the results are awaited.

During a workout, the body is under stress that will force him to adapt to return to its original state. When the body adapts to the stress imposed upon it, varying the volume, intensity, density and / or frequency of training will create a new stage adaptation of the so-called supercompensation. That is why the physical trainers mainly use periodization.

The cyclic organization of training, what is called periodization, is actually a representation of the real sport of the athlete during the coming year, the goals pursued by the athlete, in partnership with the fitness coach and strategies to be implemented to achieve the objectives. The sporting year is thus cut into small blocks with goals, means and methods of training specific (Bompa, 1999). In the classic model of periodization, sport one year, known as the macrocycle is divided into three periods: the preparation period, competition period and the period of transition. These periods are then divided into mesocycles, often lasting four weeks (three weeks of training, a week of discharge). Within these mesocycles every week is a microcycle compound workouts (Baechle & Earle, 2008). Let us now examine the contents of each of these periods.

The preparation period is probably the most important phase within the annual training plan (Bompa, 2009). We can divide the period of preparation as general and specific preparation. From a total duration of 3-6 months depending on the sport, it first allows the athlete to develop work capacity (increase in muscle mass and muscle endurance and metabolic) which translates into the ability bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles and cardiovascular system to absorb and overcome the various stressors that will be imposed by the drive Upcoming (Gambetta, 2007). In other words, it helps establish the foundation, thanks to high volume and intensity low to moderate, which will be built on more intense training. Then, the more one goes towards the specific preparation period, the more we will focus on developing muscle strength by lifting heavier loads for fewer repetitions. Training volume therefore decreases the benefit of driving a higher intensity (80% and more). Alongside the development of maximum force, it is time to include a increased demands of energy systems targeting anaerobic power, characterized by efforts of high intensity and short duration. Interval training allows more work at higher intensity cardiovascular training of long duration, which preserves including muscular power (Baechle & Earle, 2008). Working time during interval training in football lasts between 5-30 seconds and is interrupted by a rest period of 3-20 times the exercise time. When a good base of strength is obtained, it is now time to convert this force into muscular power and speed. The force-velocity, ultimately, is the physical quality that athletes should possess in order to excel in their sport (McGill, 2009). During this same period, there will also focus on developing the ability to repeat sprints and accelerations through starts, sprints and changes in direction over short distances, while the presence of fatigue to simulate situations that we find in competitive situations (Veillette, 2010).

When the beginning of the season approaches, we are now entering the competition period. The first part of this period is the pre-race. This period, known as the period of sharpening or "peak" is often the athlete to recover from the stress accumulated during the previous months of training, while enabling it to maintain the gains. If planned optimally, it is even possible to see an increase in performance (Adapted from Roy, 2010). When practices and games begin, it is imperative to maintain the physical qualities that have been acquired during the off-season training, since the emphasis is put on sports and development strategies. In addition, the work of energy systems will usually be incorporated into the practice of sport. The volume of workouts will be reduced, also reduced the frequency to two meetings per week, but the intensity of the exercises will however be maintained. If an injury during the season, then this will be the physical trainer to work jointly with the team therapist to know the exercises to be avoided, but it is definitely possible, depending on the type of injury and gravity, to continue training the maintenance room fitness.

Once the season is over, then we begin the transition period. Often, this period begins at the end of October or during November. At this point, it is preferable that the players take time to relax physically and mentally. Two weeks of rest may be taken without intense training, before the effects of detraining occur (Cardinal, 1999). Subsequently, it is possible to resume training in order to rebalance the power relationship between muscle agonists and antagonists solicit and physical qualities that are considered less specific to our sport. While essential and easy to integrate into his routine physical qualities such as balance, flexibility and muscular endurance can be asked during the transition period. Following this period, it is time to plan the next annual plan, taking care to assess the year just ended, establish new goals and plan training accordingly. A new macrocycle drive is now ready to begin.

Sources:

Baechle, TR, Earle, RW (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (3rd edition). National Strength and Conditioning Association. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Il. 641 pages.

Bompa, TO & Haff, CG (2009). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training (5th ed.). Human Kinetics, Champaign, Il. 411 pages.

Cardinal, CH (1999). Planning and Periodization of training (level 4 theory, module 12). Montreal: National Institute of Coaching, National Center Multisport-Montreal.

Gambetta, V. (2007). Athletic Development: The Art & Science of Functional Sports Conditioning. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Il. 299 pages.

McGill, S. (2009). Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance, 4th Ed Backfitpro Inc.. Waterloo, Canada.

Roy, M. (2010). Kin 353: Planning and Training Methods (Notes). University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que

Veillette, R. (2010). The assembly of the puzzle. Presentation Notes at the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que

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The future of kinesiology

A little note that is meant heavy questioning from me recently. I've just finished my BA in Kinesiology and I see big obstacles for the sake of my profession too distant future. First, it should be noted that in Quebec there is no professional body regulating the profession of kinesiology. What brings people of different profiles to self-proclaim coach and mentor and the people (general population or specific) in the area of physical preparation. Unfortunately, these people can have good intentions but do not necessarily possess the skills and knowledge required to follow these customers. Some people have extensive experience as participants and often reproduce what they have lived with the people they govern, without really wonder about the merits and appropriateness of their practices.

Why so much concern? Because I think in our society today and in the field of coaching, we look the gym with the latest technology, the latest trend in in training which may prove in the long term, being not at all effective. Also because I see how easy it is to improvise coach in several senses. Often, just to have lived , money, a network of contact and / or interest to the field and you start to train people, set up camps to speed development, etc.. To whom it benefits this? Can not be the right person.

When you contact a trained kinesiologist in a Canadian university, it formed in the following areas:

• Kinesiology Physical Education and Health
• Physiology in Health and Physical Education
• Biomechanics human health and physical education
• development and physical growth
• Assessment of physical fitness and habits Life
• Intervention in kinesiology and symptomatic populations
• Food, Fitness and Health
• physiological, psychological motor behavior
• Intervention fitness
• Principles, methods and research tools in kinesiology
• Case Studies Kinesiology
• muscles: functional assessment and postural abnormalities
• planning methods and personal training and sports
• internship placements and more than 600 hours.

Kinesiology such as we know it in North America is therefore appealing to several areas related to physical activity and sport, such as natural sciences (biology, physics, etc.). And science and Humanities (psychology, sociology, etc.). The experience of kinesiology is derived as much from the scientific literature of his field experience and ability to analyze events that occur to him.

Anyway, I hope that efforts are continuing in achieving our professional so that we can protect our profession. My goal in this post is to simply bring you to ask you about the qualifications of the people you lead or lead your child. Where does this person? What qualifications and / or certifications in the field has she? What is she like training? This person will know she adequately supervise my child to the best of his knowledge and skills? After asking yourself these questions, I fervently hope that you will choose a competent kinesiologist to look after you.

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Merry Christmas to all!

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Wishes Holiday XR

On Thursday, December 23, XR Performance wishes all its readers a happy holiday season. Take time to relax and spend time with family and those dear to you. Only an article will be published during the Christmas holidays on the blog, but I reserve you a little surprise, so stay alert.

Happy Holidays to all!

- XR Performance

The Last Drop Of Pee Pain

Belgium on the brink? Young and jobless

Blogs World

by George Ugueux

Recent indications from the IMF International could give the impression that Belgium will follow the example of Greece. A report published IMF teams on December 13 could not be clearer. "Controlling government spending is urgently needed." Fund and encourage the authorities to establish macro-economic priorities, mitigate risks in the financial sector and carry out "reforms to stimulate growth and job creation."

There is also a specific concern: KBC, one of three major Belgian banks bought an Irish bank is in trouble, and it is impossible to have accurate information about this risk. The Belgian banking system is in relative terms one of the most exposed on Ireland. Belgian banks have 29 billion dollars of loans to Irish banks. This represents 5% of GNP. Only UK banks have a similar level of debt.

The macroeconomic situation is precarious indeed, the debt represents approximately 100% of GNP. Furthermore the budget deficit of 6% is beyond the 3% allowed by the Maastricht criteria. It stretched without being fatal. However, this debt is mainly held by banks and investors from Belgium.

Former Chief Economist IMF's Simon Johnson, summarizes the situation in The New York Times on November 28. "The budgetary situation in Belgium is not brilliant, political stability is far from assured and social fissures will not be facilitated not austerity measures."

The situation is alarming and requires immediate attention and austerity measures which Belgium could not be found in the camp of the Eurozone countries in difficulties. It is building a political consensus in Belgium who would lead the country to follow the German example and be in the mainstream country economically sound that will take the course in a flurry of public finances that gradually takes over Europe.

Unfortunately this is not what happens: contrary to the facts, Bart De Wever who sees himself as the Prime Minister must for the next Government presented to a German magazine in Belgium as "the sick member of Europe. " Besides being wrong is the very type of irresponsibility that should disqualify any politician ever has access to government functions. If it were the Government, he should probably resign.

Instead of putting in place a Federal Government which is responsible for managing the deterioration of public finances, Mr De Wever Community negotiations dragged so incomprehensible. European Presidency of Belgium (in case you do not know, the government "out" holds the rotating presidency of the EU) is without a government elected in June The discussion of electoral districts Hal Vilvoorde blocks the institutional dialogue.

Moreover, both communities are trying to weaken even further the international standing of Belgium on the international capital markets by imagining increased budgetary allocations for communities.

Belgium is not on the brink. Fewer than one in ten Belgian wants the division. Its economy continues to grow so remarkable particularly in foreign markets.

But do not rule out that the Belgian politicians, who do not even imagine a Belgium Bart De Wever and without the VER-push the country into the abyss. The greatest threat to the country is in this linguistic-nationalist obsession. In doing so, politicians are disconnected from the people claiming an emergency, in various parts of the country, a government agreement.

Meanwhile, Standard & Poor's announced that Belgium's rating could be lowered if the political crisis is not resolved quickly. Faced with this threat, some Flemish newspapers want a specific rating for Flanders. They assume, absurdly, that it would be better than that of Belgium.

Belgians, including myself, have been warned ...

http://finance.blog.lemonde.fr/2010/12/20/la belgium-it-is-the-edge-of-precipice /

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Performance Year in 2010 XR Performance

The year 2010 draws to a close. It was a year already filled for XR performance and the company saw the day in early January. The beginnings were modest, since I have not done much publicity surrounding the birth of the company. Nevertheless, word of mouth, it has counted 12 customers at some point during the year, mostly football players and some business people. I am extremely satisfied results that they have achieved and I say this despite the fact that I followed them all at bay, since I did not have access to a gym to supervise their training. For 2011, I expect to be more active in terms of advertising to increase the visibility of XR Performance in the Lower Laurentians and Lanaudière. Various projects are being realized in the coming weeks and months ahead. Stay tuned!

On a professional level, I put a lot of time this year in my training, having attended many seminars (5 total) and read many books, especially during the summer. I can say that these training tools are a necessity in our profession, as it allows you to interact with other industry professionals and also to expand our knowledge. However, all knowledge must be put into practice. I am eager to do this on a regular basis.

In regard to changing XR Performance during the year 2010, I can tell you my vision of coaching has taken different forms as and as I learned more about different aspects of this field so exciting. For example, in early 2010, I really did not incorporate exercise seeking the musculature of the trunk. This trend continued during the summer training Triad Lanaudière, but after having finished reading Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance by Stuart McGill and have attended his seminar at McGill University, I quickly realized that I had it omitted an important component of training to performance, the benefit the execution of complex exercises such as the front squat, Deadlift variations of exercises and weightlifting. Following this, I decided to incorporate exercise seeking the trunk muscles so that they prevent the movement: the extension, rotation and lateral bending. These days, I get a lot of concepts related to the drive by reading the latest book by Mike Boyle, entitled Advances in Functional Training. I love learning and I think this desire to learn will be a definite asset to the services I offer my customers today and tomorrow. In the same vein, many professionals have had an influence on my way to define the drive, on my way up my workouts. I would like to establish a short list of people who influenced me the most during the past year.

 Roy Martin: Professor of training planning at the University of Sherbrooke, his courses are among those I most loved throughout the Bachelor of Kinesiology. The office door is always open and invites students to come and stick a sprig of jasette at any time. By far the closest teacher of his students. Martin is a teacher who pushes his students to reflection and questioning, a vital aspect of the practice of our profession when evaluating our annual planning of training, identify strengths and weaknesses, evaluate the relevance of a training method compared to another, etc.. In short, his teaching has been very active in the restructuring process of the training program Triads Lanaudière, especially during summer training.

 Michael Boyle: I was fortunate to attend the Mike Boyle Strength and Conditioning 4th Winter Seminar in January in Boston and visit the training center. Wow! And it was in their old location, they moved in the meantime. The morning of the seminar, Mike came to greet us personally because we were the first to arrive on site. The work that Mike did with the athletes he supervises is surprising. His athletes are strong, powerful, fit and healthy. In addition, Mike is always eager to deepen their knowledge and listen to what other professionals can bring. His approach to training influences a lot of coaches in the field, including myself.

 Barbier Xavier: Xavier is a physical trainer in France for the football team of the Corsairs of Evry, among others. We got in touch with a comment he left on my blog and have since begun to exchange. I can say that our discussions are very enlightening. The training philosophy at Athletic Performance, Xavier's company is very different from what is normally done in France. The sport training is still very focused on bodybuilding or preparation of a sport like tennis with a physical trainer specializing in karate ... Xavier implements principles when Mike Boyle and Alwyn Cosgrove in his training with his athletes and gets very good results.

 Eric Cressey: It throws me to the ground to know the age of Eric and see what he has accomplished so far. Specialized in the training of baseball players, Cressey Performance is a company consisting of Eric, Tony Gentilcore and Peter Dupuis, who continues to grow and the work they do there has been a huge source of inspiration for me. I like the way they combine strength training and power with exercises for mobility and injury prevention in order to create complete athletes. No wonder so many players who train at CP get full scholarships in baseball and big programs that major league players come from all over to train. In addition, the guys are really accessible. I had the chance to visit their facilities for a day last year. A great experience!

 Joe Kenn: I was already familiar with the Tier System Joe Kenn ago, but his presentation at Villanova University got me thinking about how I could optimize the Summer Training Triads Lanaudière. Coach Kenn has a vision to see the training that is peculiar. He argues that the majority Athletes want to practice sport in which they excel, and few really want to train in the gym. Recognizing this, he decided to simplify his coaching philosophy to fit the level of these athletes. With a prolific career at the U.S. college football, I think his philosophy has brought a lot of dividends, making him highly to anyone in the area of physical preparation in the United States.

 Bret Contreras: In terms of knowledge, Bret is in a class by itself, literally. I am always impressed by the quality of the content of his blog and his videos. One could almost say he has read everything about coaching. He created his own training apparatus ( The Skorcher ), wrote a book of 700 pages on training and gluteal muscles is going to continue his studies in New Zealand to obtain his doctorate. In addition, it also seems to be a very accessible, the latter being very active on various blogs and answering all the questions people send him.

 Joe Defranco: Another source of inspiration when I started to get interested in training. I was impressed by the atmosphere that Joe has created in his "warehouse gym" and the results that his clients have achieved. In addition, during our trip to Philadelphia, we stopped without warning, my friend Simon and I, Defranco Joe's Gym and has allowed us to visit its facilities. He could have refused, but he was very kind. What I like about Joe is his ability to see the conventional training in a different light. The latter has recently proposed an alternative thought about sprinting with resistance, as the tirade of what a "slead" may have a heavy positive transfer when accelerating.

 Mark Young: It's funny sometimes how life would have it. Let me explain. During the session, I read an article by Bret Contreras on the load-vector training and I asked him via Facebook if I could translate the French article. Mark later commented in French and Bret's response there, we started trading. Mark has a degree in kinesiology with a minor in psychology from McMaster University and excelled in the interpretation of various scientific studies. It adopts an approach based on scientific facts with its customers, that they are looking for weight loss or improved health. He is also someone with whom he is very easy to share. It m'ad'ailleurs offered to help anything if I needed it and I thank him.

 Stuart McGill Stuart McGill's work is doing to make our industry so as to cause abdominal caused more harm than good, particularly because the number of repeated bending at the lumbar region. During the seminar, Dr. McGill is a presenter really extraordinary that explains very well what a complex spine and a very accessible. In particular, I had the opportunity to take a turn at the University of Waterloo and Dr. McGill noted during his clinical interventions. Unfortunately I have not had a chance to go, but I intend to restart and seize this opportunity in 2011.

What awaits XR Performance in 2011? Important projects are on the table as I write these lines. I can not speak in detail, but I'm excited about everything that is moving very quickly and seems to be heading in the right direction. Furthermore, I hope that the training that I started to bring the Triads Lanaudière expected results, as all my other clients elsewhere. When they train, I want to know they have the best program that I could give them, for their own person and according to their personal goals, and to the best of my knowledge. That is one reason why I will continue my training process continues by reading books in training, nutrition, sports psychology and personal development while attending numerous seminars. Now finished my degree, new career opportunities and advancement is on the horizon and I expect that the opportunity to seize. On this, I wish all readers of the blog XR Performance and joyous Christmas and a Happy New Year 2011. Be strong and healthy!

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The Economist

The ratio of youth to adult chômage worsens

The global recession has hit particularly hard Young Workers. In the mostly rich countries of the OECD, the youth-unemployment rate (the unemployed as a proportion of the labour force aged 15-24) increased by 4.9 percentage points between 2007 and 2009, to 18.4%. By the second quarter of 2010 it had risen to 19.6%. Young people typically struggle to gain employment and are the first to be laid off; in nine countries more than one in four are now jobless. Spain has the highest youth-unemployment rate, at 42%, more than twice the unemployment rate of adults aged 25-54. In New Zealand, Sweden and Luxembourg, the youth-to-adult unemployment ratio is more than four. Germany has the lowest ratio (1.3), largely thanks to its successful apprenticeship system. The OECD warns that recovery will be slow and forecasts that youth unemployment Will Still Be Around 20% By The end of 2011.

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France: The rate of business creation

DATAR / INSEE

• Definition

The rate of business creation is number of start-ups over a year, reported the number of firms operating in a ^st January of that year. The survival rate 5 years of births in 2000 represents the proportion of firms created in 2000 that were still in business five years later.

• Relevance

To ensure the sustainability of regional economic development, it is necessary to ensure to ensure a balanced relationship between the characteristics of those territories and the need for competitiveness and opening. Reply to this challenge requires a good ability to ensure the renewal of local businesses and support business development newly created. Established at the scale of metropolitan employment areas or departments overseas, the indicators are intended to locate opportunities for establishing new companies and their sustainability by territories. Thus, they help assess the effectiveness of measures to support the creation and consolidation of local businesses involving local authorities.

• limits and precautions

indicators do not include agriculture, nor, as regards the survival rate at five years, financial services. Reflecting primarily the creations of local businesses in the areas of trade and services, they are likely to have variations from year to year, reflecting changes in the general economy, and should be read together. Indeed, the emergence of new enterprises is often accompanied by the release of existing companies or a very short life span of new firms (Mazars et al., 2004). Thus, high birth rates or survival of recently created does not necessarily mean a consolidation of the local business or net job creation.

• result relating to the issue of sustainable development

In each territory, it is desirable to maintain and develop a network of local business performance. In the areas most attractive to people, the rate of business creation is significantly more higher than average. The difference is largely explained by the dynamic service sector. This sector is much more volatile and life companies is on average lower, and the rotation of labor higher, generating a risk of insecure assets.

Business start-ups relate primarily to the residential sector of the economy

In most areas of employment, services and businesses now represent three quarters of creations Business. The rates of entrepreneurship are generally higher in the construction sector and weaker but very different depending on the territories in the industry. This finding means that if such new ventures relate primarily to the residential sector of the economy, whose development is largely induced by population growth and the level of local revenues, territories are also distinguished between them in terms capacity to implement new business where the market is not necessarily local.

cards below are for example state rate of business creation in 2008 higher in industry than in services employment in certain areas of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Limousin.

rate of business creation in industry and services in 2008

factors creations of business

The creation of new businesses follow in fact many factors that are related to various characteristics territorial settlement. Among these include for example the structural health of the local economy, indicating that rates of new ventures may be higher if the tissue is concentrated around a few large companies that it is much more atomized (Moati et al., 2000). Agglomeration effects may also play a role, assuming that the territories densely offer better support economic competitiveness and are therefore preferred in the location decisions of entrepreneurs. But most of the creations of concern very small firms to local dimension. These creations can be stimulated by incentives for the development of local entrepreneurship, they simultaneously contribute to the development of resources of the territories of implantation (quality of life, tourist amenities, etc.).. For their part, the creation of larger companies reflect more, depending Moati, the economic attractiveness of the territories of implantation as brakes or incentives to individual initiative.

• territorial disparities

Contrasts revealed that the card rates of start-ups in 2008 was already observed in previous years. For the reasons stated, this map shows that high levels affect various types of land, since it is both parts of southern France in rapid population growth or tourist areas stated that robust economic as Ile de France or around larger cities or border areas or underserved in receiving communications infrastructure locations outside companies. For their part, the rates of creations lowest concern of the most rural and least dynamic in terms of population.

However, it is possible that the map of survival at 5 years, which does business as currently established in 2000, moving more sharply over time. It nevertheless reveals survival rates relatively low in areas where rates are relatively high creations, such as for the employment area of Saint-Denis (Ile de France), but it also reports contrasts between areas with low rates of business creation. Thus, survival rates could be high in some of them, as in Brittany, Maine-et-Loire in the Indre, but were particularly weak in other areas such as employment areas of the Meuse or North St. -Flour. According Mazars (2004), most of the factors playing an important role in business creation also play a role in the growth of new firms. One may therefore conclude that the territorial contexts less buoyant in terms of opportunity creation and development of start-ups make them better equipped to succeed in their first years of their existence, candidates for entrepreneurship taking better account of the risks of this adventure.

• Additional data

These indicators summarize the effects of many factors. Some may be covered by other indicators, such as from managers of metropolitan functions, which can refine the analysis of start-ups by placing it against various forms of territorial development. It is also to relate the dynamics of start-ups with changes in sectoral employment.

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France: The poverty rate in 2006

DATAR / INSEE / DGFI P

• Definition

The poverty rate is the proportion of individuals belonging to households whose standard of living, that is to say, the disposable income (after transfers, taxes and benefits) per consumption unit (CPU) is less threshold of 60% of median disposable income per CPU the entire population. In 2006, this threshold is 876 euros per month in France.

• Relevance

The standard of living determines people's access to goods and services. Below a certain threshold, we can consider that access to the minimum necessary to have decent living conditions and maintain social bonds is not guaranteed. The poverty rate, which measures the proportion of the population of a territory in this situation, therefore reflects the degree of disability society to ensure the well-being of all limiting disparities, a prerequisite for social cohesion.

For reasons of data availability, the territorial level is retained in the department. It gives a first overview of the geography of poverty and the extent of this scale. But the disparities are equally strong between urban and rural areas or even at the sub-urban areas within the same department. A more detailed analysis from additional data is needed to understand the problem.

• limits and precautions

indicator only measures poverty by placing it against a standard of income. The threshold of 60% of the median was chosen because it allows international comparisons. He does not debate less and the gap between the thresholds of 50 and 60% shows the difficulty: the poverty rate varies almost a factor of two depending on whether one uses the first or second definition: respectively 7 , 1% and 13.1%.

At the national level, the approach Money is complemented by the analysis of poverty in living conditions from the survey of resources and living conditions (SILC). It focuses on the material difficulties of existence households. These difficulties are measured by the number of deprivations to which the household reports being confronted, among a set of twenty-seven as a reference. But survey data do not allow this approach to a subnational territorial level.

• result relating to the issue of sustainable development

Income poverty affects 13.1% of people in France in 2006. The European average is 16%, with significant differences between countries: 12% in Sweden and Denmark, against 19% in the United Kingdom. The 2002-2006 period contrasts with the years 1997-2002 marked by strong economic growth, many job creation and poverty reduction. The poverty rate is no longer confined since 2004.

Thus, 7.9 million people live below the poverty line in France. Half of them has a lower standard of living to 720 euros per month, a difference of 18.2% in poverty. After declining until 2002, this gap which measures the intensity of poverty, moving upward again.

• territorial disparities

The north and south of the country appear to be most affected by poverty. In the poorest departments, social transfers contribute significantly to income. The average disposable income people living below the poverty line consists of nearly a third of social benefits. In a couple of departments, located in northern and southern countries and in Seine-Saint-Denis, social transfers contribute to at least 50% of disposable income for more than 6% of the population.

Share of individuals whose income depends on more than 50% of social benefits in 2006

The first factor is poverty unemployment. In most poorest departments, the unemployment rate is very significantly above the national average.

Family structure is another differentiating factor of poverty. The different categories of households are not affected in the same way. Large families and single parent families are more often exposed than others. In 2006, 30.3% of people living in single-parent families face poverty, a proportion 2.3 times higher than in the general population. Among those living in a couple with three children, 20% are experiencing poverty.

Unemployment rate and proportion of complex households in 2006

area of residence is also a determining factor. Poor households are highly concentrated in urban centers where the poverty rate reaches 15% on average. But this rate is almost as high in rural municipalities (14.8%), whereas it is significantly below 10% in the suburban (see link to the definition zoning in urban areas).

The poverty rate is not available in each urban center or urban area, but estimated by type of area (urban centers, periurban, rural municipalities and multi-polarized) for each department . The results show strong departmental disparities in urban poverty: the poverty rate in urban centers is 7.8% in the Yvelines, it reached 22.4% in the eastern Pyrenees. It is 21.6% in Seine-Saint-Denis.

The poverty rate for pole Urban is the main determinant of poverty rates of the eleven departments classified as urban according to the OECD typology. Among these 11 counties, poverty rates are very mixed. They are low in Ile-de-France, except in the Seine-Saint-Denis. This department is an exception in this region where the poverty rate is below the average for metropolitan France. In Seine-Saint-Denis, complex households, which include several families, sometimes several generations, are particularly affected, as well as large families. Two other city departments are also strongly affected by Poverty: the Bouches-du-Rhone, who has a profile similar to the Seine-Saint-Denis and the North, where poverty is most common among families.

urban Among these departments, some, like the North or the Bouches-du Rhone, accumulate high levels of poverty in their urban area and rural. The poverty rate lowest as the highest are in the city departments, where they vary from simple to triple. For departments classified as rural or intermediate, the dispersion is smaller: 10% to 20%.

Rural areas are not spared from poverty: 14.8% of people live below the poverty line, almost as much as in urban centers. In 29 of the 55 departments classified as rural in the typology of the OECD, the poverty rate is higher than the national average. In the rural part of the Cantal, Creuse, Aude and Corsica, the poverty rate in rural areas exceeds 20%. Nevertheless, elements of living conditions may qualify the assessment of poverty in rural areas: households are more likely to own their homes than in urban areas and do not pay rent, which can be considered a supplement resources measured by income disregards.

Rural Poverty affects the elderly, but also agricultural assets and people moving out of suburban areas because of lower housing costs and are confronted with accessibility problems at work or services.

• Additional data

To understand the objective of social cohesion, central the concept of sustainable development must take into account the inequality of income but also upstream, unequal access to employment and education and health.

Some indicators may provide additional insights, including those showing political struggle against exclusion: from age 60 receiving income support (RMI) from women aged 15 to 49 beneficiaries of the single parent allowance; from beneficiaries of supplementary universal health coverage, retenus par l’Observatoire des Territoires de la Datar ; la part des retraités et des bénéficiaires du Fonds de solidarité vieillesse dans l'ensemble de la population peut apporter un éclairage complémentaire.

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This time, a box!

Last night at my work we held the Christmas drink. To make things even more cheerful and more in the spirit of Christmas, we organized a little game of Secret Santa. Everyone should get a name at random and give a small gift to that person. So I decorated a small metal box that I filled biscuits home.

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card easy to do with Webster's Pages papers

The Christmas collection of Webster's Pages is simply sublime. The printed format 15x15 are particularly suitable for cardmaking.

Here is a Christmas card made with paper Webster background and a small label. Some stamps ball Christmas Scraposphère and voila:)

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And for change ... maps!

If you were not sure yet (s), I concur, Christmas is coming! The tree stands proudly in the living room, Christmas lights shine a thousand lights (yes rather then hundreds of bulbs) and I make charts, maps and more maps!

For this card, I used a beautiful stamp, very The detailed White, a German magazine that makes things pretty.

For this second card, I used small decorations made of felt and wood that make a very soft note.

And of course I used for both the superb buffers Scraposphère :-)

International Colour Chart In Hairdresing

Videos of the Week - December 10th Edition 2010

Good Friday to all! Here is a new edition of the videos of the week, including training videos from sports teams, an overview of training to race in Formula 1 and a video of Georges St. Pierre, who corresponds with the defense of his title as world champion in the UFC to be held this Saturday at the Bell Centre in Montreal.

The first video shows a metabolic conditioning session supervised by Robert dos Remedios. During the meeting, players use different accessories: sled, resistance bands, medicine ball and kettlebell. An entire session to build a good team spirit, camaraderie and healthy competition, while getting a good strength training and cardiovascular.

The second video is a report on the training of Quinnipiac University Bobcats. Under the supervision of Brijesh Patel, players explain how they are program developed by Patel. This also explains the outline of his coaching philosophy.

The third video this week is a drive led by Matt Nichol, involving several players from the Montreal Canadiens with Michael Cammalleri and Scott Gomez. The drive, as the first video is actually a drive circuit consists of various exercises with weights, medicine ball and a "Battling Europe." The purpose is to stimulate the cardiovascular system, as well as muscles and various movements fitness by performing exercises one after the other without rest in between each. The rest is allocated once the circuit is completed.

The fourth video is a little different, since it represents the type of drive-Formula 1 drivers. You can see the pilot Renault, whose English driver Fernando Alonso, train and discuss nutrition.

The last video of Fox Sports, raided the Life of George St-Pierre or GSP for most people who know a little mixed martial arts. We see his training, nutrition, preparation for combat and how he wants to continually evolve in the sport by not being necessarily better in certain aspects in particular, but by being smarter and more mentally switched on these adversaries. Hopefully he can keep his belt world champion in the UFC before his own supporters.